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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * !* "* #* $* %* &* '* (* )* ** +* ,* -* .* /* 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* FR ԕoiH?d[J JFIF MUNKCSY Mihly
(1844, Munkcs - 1900, Endenich)
Krisztus Piltus eltt
1881
Olaj, vszon, 417 x 636 cm
Dri Mzeum, Debrecen (lett 2000-ig)
Munkcsy Mihly 1874 nyarn ltta Velencben, a Scuola di San Rocco-ban Tintoretto ngy hatalmas passikpt. Velencbl Budapestre rkezett, majd Kalocsn tlttt kt hetet Haynald Lajos rseknl, az egyhzmvszet sztnzjnl, Liszt Ferenc bartjnl. Bizonyra mr ekkor megszletett benne a Krisztus sorozat tlete. Ezutn fknt Rembrandt s Rubens mveit tanulmnyozta. 35 olajban megoldott tanulmny s vzlat utn 1880 tavaszn ksztette el az els kompozcis vzlatot, 1881 hsvtjn mutatta be a hatalmas festmnyt mgyjtje, menedzsere, Karl Sedelmeyer prizsi palotjban. A siker itt, majd Bcsben, Budapesten, Nagy-Britannia tbb mint hsz vrosban hatalmas volt. Sedelmeyer a festmny vzlataival, tanulmnyaival, knyvekkel, metszetekkel egsztette ki a bemutatt. 1886 novemberben Amerikba vitte a festmnyt, Munkcsy hat hetet tlttt New Yorkban, Philadelphiban, Washingtonban s portr megrendelseknek tett eleget. 1887-ben John Wanamaker milliomos megvsrolta a Krisztus Piltus eltt-et s a Golgot-t 120 ezer s 100 ezer (ms forrs szerint 175 s 160 ezer) dollrrt. 1889-ben klcsnadta a prizsi vilgkilltsra, 1893-ban maga vitte el a chicagi vilgkilltsra a kt festmnyt- 1907-ig vidki kptrban tartotta a kt mvet. Amikor ott tz ttt ki, levetette s restaurltatta azokat. 1911-1988 kztt Philadelphiban, a Wanamaker-store nyolcadik emeletn, klnteremben lltak egymssal szemben a mvek tbb ms fest kpeivel egytt. 1988-ban a Sotheby's rversen egy telefonon aukcionl kanadai frfi vsrolta meg a festmnyt, ksbb derlt ki, hogy Joseph T. Tanenbaum. A m 1995. februr 2-n rkezett meg Debrecenbe. Szentkirlyi Mikls, Lente Istvn s Bres Erzsbet restaurlta 1995 tavaszn. Magyarorszgi msodbemutatja, 1882 utn 113 vvel, 1995. augusztus 25-n trtnt. Ez egyben a Krisztus-trilgia vilgbemutatja.
A hatalmas festmny - br pt a biblia szavaira (Jnos 18., s 19., Lukcs 23.) - srti az esemnyeket. A diadalmas Krisztust mutatja be, aki sugrz, fnyes fehrsgvel ll a kzppontban s nma nyugalmval gyzi le acsarkod ellensgeit, a ttovz rmai helytartt. Tbb kortrs mvsz (Ivanov, Antokolszkij, Gustave Dor) foglalkozott passitmval, de Munkcsy remeke flttk ll. Nem csak a Biblia ismeretrl, hanem llektani tudsrl tett tanbizonysgot, korrl, nmagrl vallott szuggesztv mvben. Egy megvltozott, ktkedsekkel teli korban lte t a bibliai trtnst, illetve rgyl hasznlta azt a vilgrl, az erklcsrl szl vlekedsnek, megrendlsnek a kifejezshez.
A mrl rszletes elemzs a Szz szp kp cm sszelltsban olvashat, a Magyar Elektronikus Knyvtr killttermben.
***
MUNKCSY, Mihly
(1844, Munkcs - 1900, Endenich)
Christ before Pilate
1881
Oil on canvas, 417 x 636 cm
Dri Museum, Debrecen (loan until 2000)
Munkcsy saw Tintoretto's four huge "passion" pictures in the Scuola di San Rocco, Venice, for the first time. Then he arrived to Budapest and spent two weeks in Kalocsa in the residence of Lajos Haynald, archbishop, a sponsor of ecclesiastical art and a friend of Franz Liszt. Munkcsy must have had the idea of painting the trilogy by then. He started to study the works of Rembrandt and Rubens and after thirty-five studies and sketches in oil, he painted the first composition sketch at the Easter of 1880. The picture was introduced to Karl Sedelmeyer, his sponsor, in Sedelmeyer's palace in Paris. The success which followed the exhibitions in Vienna, Budapest and more than twenty towns in Great Britain was enormous. Sedelmeyer completed the exhibition with sketches, studies, books and cuts. He took the picture to America in November 1886. Munkcsy spent six weeks in New York, Philadelphia and Washington and painted portraits. John Wanamaker, a millionaire, bought the pictures "Christ before Pilate" and "Golgotha" for 120,000 and 100,000 dollars, respectively, in 1887, although some sources claimed that the prices he payed were 175,000 and 160,000 dollars, respectively. Both pictures were borrowed to the World Exhibiton in Paris in 1889 and Wanamaker took them himself to the Chicago Exhibition in 1893. The two pictures were kept in the gallery of his country residence until 1907. When a fire broke out there, the pictures were removed and restored. In 1911-88 the two pictures faced each other in the gallery of the Wanamaker-store on the 8th floor together with pictures by other painters. At the Sotheby's auction in 1988 there was a Canadian man bidding for the picture on the telephone and who bought it in the end. It turned out later that it was Joseph T. Tanenbaum. The picture arrived in Debrecen on 2nd February 1995. After restoration by Mikls Szentkirlyi, Istvn Lente and Erzsbet Bres in the spring of 1995, it was exhibited in Hungary on 25th August 1995, 113 years after its first exhibition in Hungary. This was in fact the first time that the complete Christ trilogy was exhibited.
Although the enormous trilogy relies on the words of the Bible (John 18 and 19, and Luke 23), yet it condenses them as well. The picture shows a victorious Christ who is standing in the middle with a radiant whiteness and defeats his spiteful enemies and the hesitating Roman governor. Several contemporary artists (Ivanov, Antokolski, and Gustave Dor) were engaged in the subject matter of the "passion", but Munkcsy's work is second to none. He did not only prove that he knew the Bible, but he demonstrated his psychological skills, that he knew his age and himself, too. He went through the biblical events in a changing age full of doubts and he used it as an excuse to express his thoughts on and disappointment in the world and ethic.
Type: religious
Time-line: 1876-1900
Form: painting
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